Exploring the Characteristics and Learning Needs of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Qualitative Study of Special Needs Schools in Makassar

Abstract

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience difficulties in social interaction, communication, behavior, and emotional regulation, requiring educational services tailored to their individual needs. This condition presents a challenge for teachers in creating effective and adaptive learning in the school environment. This study aims to describe the social, communication, behavioral, and emotional characteristics of students with ASD and to identify appropriate learning needs in the educational process. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with one student with ASD as the subject. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews with one class teacher and observations of the research subjects. Data analysis used an interactive model through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that students with ASD experience difficulties in maintaining social interaction, pragmatic communication, emotional regulation, and adaptation to changes in learning activities. In addition, students require an individual, concrete, visual, and repetitive learning approach. Support from teachers, parents, and the school environment is also an important factor in supporting the academic, social, and emotional development of students with ASD.